Intracranial Pressure Monitor — Biomedical Instrumentation & Clinical Sensing

Abstract — Intracranial Pressure Monitor

experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. The accurate monitoring of vital physiological parameters, exemplified by heart rate, respiratory rate, and intracranial pressure (ICP), is of paramount importance, particularly for managing severe cranial injuries. Despite the rapid development of implantable ICP sensing systems over the past decades, they still suffer from, for example, wire connection, low sensitivity, poor resolution, and the inability to monitor multiple variables simultaneously. Here, we propose an ultrasensitive multimodal biotelemetric system that amalgamates an iontronic pressure transducer with exceptional point (EP) operation for the monitoring of ICP signals. The proposed system can exhibit extraordinary performance regarding the detection of minuscule ICP fluctuation, demonstrated by the sensitivity of 115.95 kHz/mmHg and the sensing resolution down to 0.003 mmHg. Our system excels not only in the accurate quantification of ICP levels but also in distinguishing respiration and cardiac activities from ICP signals, thereby achieving the multimodal monitoring of ICP, respiratory, and heart rates within a single system. Our work may provide a pragmatic avenue for the real-time wireless monitoring of ICP and thus hold great potential to be extended to the monitoring of other vital physiological indicators.

Sensor Interfacing & Analog Front-End Conditioning

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a critical global health challenge, emerging as one of the primary pathogenes to mortality and morbidity in modern society 1 . Intracranial pressure (ICP), which reflects the balance among brain tissue, cerebral blood volume, and cerebrospinal fluid within the skull, is one of the key diagnostic parameters for TBI management 2 . Anomaly-increased ICP is the most common cause of death in patients having severe TBI 3 due to compromised cerebral blood flow, brain ischemia, inflammation, secondary neurovascular damage, and brain herniation 4 . This indeed necessitates swift intervention to mitigate risks such as brainstem compression and compromised brain circulation 3 . Consequently, precise and continuous monitoring of brain physiological parameters is imperative to prevent irreversible damage to TBI patients 5 .

Bio-Signal Waveform Analysis & Simulation Findings

Figure 1: Diagnostic Medical Waveform & Bio-Potential Clinical Trace for Intracranial Pressure Monitor Present ICP monitoring in clinics predominantly relies on the implanting of intraventricular catheters 6 . However, this approach is fraught with drawbacks, including restricted patient mobility due to wire connections (catheters) and heightened risks of complications like infection and hemorrhage, which may further worsen brain damage or result in new neurological disorders 7 . Although various non-invasive systems have been developed 8 , 9 , 10 in the recent past, their effectiveness has been compromised by the ICP range, rendering them inadequate for use alone in patients with severe TBI 11 , 12 .

Scope & Clinical Applications

• Real-time multi-parameter vital signs telemetry (ECG, Heart Rate, SpO2, Temperature, Respiration)
• Low-noise Analog Front-End (AFE) conditioning with active Driven Right Leg (DRL) 50 Hz cancellation
• Digital signal processing in MATLAB: Pan-Tompkins QRS detection, FIR/IIR notch, and Continuous Wavelet Transforms
• Finite element tissue bio-electromagnetics and orthopedic mechanical simulations in COMSOL & ANSYS
• Complete Arduino firmware .INO sketches, circuit schematics, and university dissertation reports