V F Control Induction Motor Matlab

The Atlas Collaboration

A detailed study is presented of the expected performance of the ATLAS detector.

The Reconstruction Of Tracks, Leptons, Photons,

missing energy and jets is investigated, together with the performance of b-tagging and the trigger.

The Physics Potential For A Variety Of

interesting physics processes, within the Standard Model and beyond, is examined. The study comprises a series of notes based on simulations of the detector and physics processes, with particular emphasis given to the data expected from the first years of operation of the LHC at CERN.

Display of a high-pT H →ZZ∗→eeµµ decay (mH = 130 GeV), after full simulation and reconstruction in the ATLAS detector. The four leptons and the recoiling jet with ET = 135 GeV are clearly visible. Hits in the Inner Detector are shown in green for the four reconstructed leptons, both for the precision tracker (pixel and silicon micro-strip detectors) at the inner radii and for the transition radiation tracker at the outer radii. The other tracks reconstructed with pT > 0.5 GeV in the Inner Detector are shown in blue. The two electrons are depicted as reconstructed tracks in yellow and their energy deposits in each layer of the electromagnetic LAr calorimeter are shown in red. The two muons are shown as combined reconstructed tracks in orange, with the hit strips in the resistive-plate chambers and the hit drift tubes in the monitored drift-tube chambers visible as white lines in the barrel muon stations. The energy deposits from the muons in the barrel tile calorimeter can also be seen in purple.

2

Cross-Sections, Monte Carlo Simulations and Systematic Uncertainties

43

Calibration and Performance of the Electromagnetic Calorimeter

161

Muon Reconstruction and Identification: Studies with Simulated Monte Carlo Samples

162

Muons in the Calorimeters: Energy Loss Corrections and Muon Tagging

185

In-Situ Determination of the Performance of the Muon Spectrometer

229

Reconstruction and Identification of Hadronic τ Decays

565

Data Preparation for the High-Level Trigger Calorimeter Algorithms

Iv

Tau Trigger: Performance and Menus for Early Running

592

Physics Performance Studies and Strategy of the Electron and Photon Trigger Selection

619

Performance of the Muon Trigger Slice with Simulated Data

683

Overview and Performance Studies of Jet Identification in the Trigger System

788

Forward-Backward Asymmetry in pp →Z0/γ →e+e−Events

898

Determination of the Top Quark Pair Production Cross-Section

925

Prospect for Single Top Quark Cross-Section Measurements

1044

Triggering on Low-pT Muons and Di-Muons for B-Physics

1083

Production Cross-Section Measurements and Study of the Properties of the Exclusive B+ →

1111

Physics and Detector Performance Measurements for B0

1121

Plans for the Study of the Spin Properties of the Λb Baryon Using the Decay Channel Λb →

Trigger And Analysis Strategies For B0

s Oscillation Measurements in Hadronic Decay Channels

1198

Prospects for the Discovery of the Standard Model Higgs Boson Using the H→γγ Decay

1243

Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson via Vector Boson Fusion Production Process in

1271

Higgs Boson Searches in Gluon Fusion and Vector Boson Fusion using the H →WW Decay

1333

Study of Signal and Background Conditions in t¯tH,H →WW ∗and WH,H →WW ∗

1374

Search for the Neutral MSSM Higgs Bosons in the Decay Channel A/H/h →µ+µ−

1451

Statistical Combination of Several Important Standard Model Higgs Boson Search Channels

1514

Data-Driven Determinations of W, Z and Top Backgrounds to Supersymmetry

1525

Estimation of QCD Backgrounds to Searches for Supersymmetry

1562

Prospects for Supersymmetry Discovery Based on Inclusive Searches

1643

Supersymmetry Signatures with High-pT Photons or Long-Lived Heavy Particles

1696

Lepton plus Missing Transverse Energy Signals at High Mass

1726

Search for Leptoquark Pairs and Majorana Neutrinos from Right-Handed W Boson Decays in

The Atlas Collaboration

G. Aad81, E. Abat18,∗, B. Abbott108, J. Abdallah11, A.A. Abdelalim48, A. Abdesselam115, O. Abdinov10, B. Abi109, M. Abolins86, H. Abramowicz148, B.S. Acharya158a,158b, D.L. Adams24, T.N. Addy55, C. Adorisio36a,36b, P. Adragna73, T. Adye126, J.A. Aguilar-Saavedra121a, M. Aharrouche79, S.P. Ahlen21, F. Ahles47, A. Ahmad144, H. Ahmed2, G. Aielli130a,130b, T. Akdogan18, T.P.A. ˚Akesson77, G. Akimoto150, M.S. Alam1, M.A. Alam74, J. Albert163, S. Albrand54, M. Aleksa29, I.N. Aleksandrov63, F. Alessandria87a,87b, C. Alexa25a, G. Alexander148, G. Alexandre48, T. Alexopoulos9, M. Alhroob20, G. Alimonti87a, J. Alison 117, M. Aliyev10, P.P. Allport71, S.E. Allwood-Spiers52, A. Aloisio100a,100b, R. Alon164, A. Alonso77, J. Alonso14, M.G. Alviggi100a,100b, K. Amako64, P. Amaral29, C. Amelung22, V.V. Ammosov125, A. Amorim121b, G. Amor´os161, N. Amram148, C. Anastopoulos136, C.F. Anders57a, K.J. Anderson30, A. Andreazza87a,87b, V. Andrei57a, M-L. Andrieux54, X.S. Anduaga68, F. Anghinolfi29, A. Antonaki8, M. Antonelli46, S. Antonelli19a,19b, B. Antunovic41, F.A. Anulli129a, G. Arabidze8, I. Aracena140, Y. Arai64, A.T.H. Arce14, J.P. Archambault28, S. Arfaoui29, J-F. Arguin14, T. Argyropoulos9, E. Arik18,∗, M. Arik18, A.J. Armbruster85, O. Arnaez4, C. Arnault112, A. Artamonov93, D. Arutinov20, M. Asai140, S. Asai150, S. Ask80, B. ˚Asman142, D. Asner28, L. Asquith75, K. Assamagan24, A. Astbury163, A. Astvatsatourov51, T. Atkinson84, G. Atoian168, B. Auerbach168, E. Auge112, K. Augsten124, M.A. Aurousseau4, N. Austin71, G. Avolio157, R. Avramidou9, A. Axen162, C. Ay53, G. Azuelos91,a, Y. Azuma150, M.A. Baak29, G. Baccaglioni87a,87b, C. Bacci131a,131b, H. Bachacou133, K. Bachas149, M. Backes48, E. Badescu25a, P. Bagnaia129a,129b, Y. Bai32,b, D.C. Bailey 152, J.T. Baines126, O.K. Baker168, F. Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa29, E. Banas38, S. Banerjee163, D. Banfi87a,87b, A. Bangert97, V. Bansal120, S.P. Baranov92, S. Baranov5, A. Barashkou63, T.B. Barber27, E.L. Barberio84, D. Barberis49a,49b, M.B. Barbero20, D.Y. Bardin63, T. Barillari97, M. Barisonzi41, T. Barklow140, N.B. Barlow27, B.M. Barnett126, R.M. Barnett14, S. Baron29, A. Baroncelli131a, A.J. Barr115, F. Barreiro78, J. Barreiro Guimar˜aes da Costa56, P. Barrillon112, R. Bartoldus140, D. Bartsch20, J. Bastos121b, R.L. Bates52, J.R. Batley27, A. Battaglia16, M. Battistin29, F. Bauer133, M. Bazalova122, B. Beare152, P.H. Beauchemin115, R.B. Beccherle49a, N. Becerici18, P. Bechtle41, G.A. Beck73, H.P. Beck16, M. Beckingham47, K.H. Becks167, I. Bedajanek124, A.J. Beddall18,c, A. Beddall18,c, P. Bedn´ar141, V.A. Bednyakov63, C. Bee81, S. Behar Harpaz147, P.K. Behera140,d, M. Beimforde97, C. Belanger- Champagne159, P.J. Bell80, W.H. Bell48, G. Bella148, L. Bellagamba19a, F. Bellina29, M. Bellomo116a, A. Belloni56, K. Belotskiy94, O. Beltramello29, S. Ben Ami147, O. Benary148, D. Benchekroun132a, M. Bendel79, B.H. Benedict157, N. Benekos160, Y. Benhammou148, G.P. Benincasa121b, D.P. Benjamin44, M. Benoit112, J.R. Bensinger22, K. Benslama127, S. Bentvelsen103, M. Beretta 46, D. Berge29, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann142, N. Berger4, F. Berghaus163, E. Berglund48, J. Beringer14, K. Bernardet81, P. Bernat112, R. Bernhard47, C. Bernius75, T. Berry74, A. Bertin19a,19b, N. Besson133, S. Bethke97, R.M. Bianchi47, M. Bianco70a,70b, O. Biebel96, J. Biesiada14, M. Biglietti100a,100b, H. Bilokon46, S. Binet14, A. Bingul18,c, C. Bini129a,129b, C. Biscarat173, M. Bischofberger84, U. Bitenc47, K.M. Black56, R.E. Blair5, G. Blanchot29, C. Blocker22, J. Blocki38, A. Blondel48, W. Blum79, U. Blumenschein53, C. Boaretto129a,129b, G.J. Bobbink103, A. Bocci44, B. Bodine 135, J. Boek167, N. Boelaert77, S. B¨oser75, J.A. Bogaerts29, A. Bogouch88, C. Bohm142, J. Bohm122, V. Boisvert74, T. Bold157, V. Boldea25a, V.G. Bondarenko94, M. Bondioli157, M. Boonekamp133, C.N. Booth136, P.S.L. Booth71,∗, J.R.A. Booth17, A. Borisov125, G. Borissov69, I. Borjanovic70a, S. Borroni129a,129b, K. Bos103, D. Boscherini19a, M. Bosman11, M. Bosteels29, H. Boterenbrood103, J. Bouchami91, J. Boudreau120, E.V. Bouhova-Thacker69, C. Boulahouache120, C. Bourdarios112, J. Boyd29, I.R. Boyko63, A. Braem29, P. Branchini131a, G.W. Brandenburg56, A. Brandt7, O. Brandt115, U. Bratzler151, J.E. Brau111, H.M. Braun167, B. Brelier91,e, J. Bremer29, R. Brenner159, S. Bressler147, D. Breton112, N.D. Brett115, D. Britton52, F.M. Brochu27, I. Brock20, R. Brock86, E. Brodet148, F. Broggi87a,87b, G. Brooijmans34, W.K. Brooks31b, E. Brubaker30, P.A. Bruckman de Renstrom38,

Vii

D. Bruncko141, R. Bruneliere47, S. Brunet41, A. Bruni19a, G. Bruni19a, M. Bruschi19a, T. Buanes13, F.B. Bucci48, P. Buchholz138, A.G. Buckley75,f , I.A. Budagov63, V. B¨uscher20, L. Bugge114, F. Bujor29, O. Bulekov94, M. Bunse42, T. Buran 114, H. Burckhart29, S. Burdin71, S. Burke126, E. Busato33, C.P. Buszello159, F. Butin29, B. Butler140, J.M. Butler21, C.M. Buttar52, J.M. Butterworth75, T. Byatt75, S. Cabrera Urb´an161, D. Caforio19a,19b, O. Cakir3, P. Calafiura14, G. Calderini76, R. Calkins5, L.P. Caloba23a, R. Caloi129a,129b, D. Calvet33, P. Camarri130a,130b, M. Cambiaghi116a,116b, D. Cameron114, F. Campabadal Segura161, S. Campana29, M. Campanelli75, V. Canale100a,100b, J. Cantero78, M.D.M. Capeans Garrido29, I. Caprini25a, M. Capua36a,36b, R. Caputo144, C. Caramarcu25a, R. Cardarelli130a, T. Carli29, G. Carlino100a, L. Carminati87a,87b, B. Caron2,g, S. Caron47, S. Carron Montero152, A.A. Carter73, J.R. Carter27, J. Carvalho121b, D. Casadei105, M.P. Casado 11, M. Cascella119a,119b, C. Caso49a,49b,∗, A.M. Castaneda Hernadez165, E. Castaneda Miranda165, V. Castillo Gimenez161, N.F. Castro121a, G. Cataldi70a, A. Catinaccio29, J.R. Catmore69, A. Cattai29, G. Cattani130a,130b, S. Caughron34, D. Cauz158a,158c, P. Cavalleri76, D. Cavalli87a, M. Cavalli-Sforza11, V. Cavasinni119a,119b, A. Cazzato70a,70b, F. Ceradini131a,131b, A.S. Cerqueira 23a, A. Cerri29, L. Cerrito73, F. Cerutti46, S.A. Cetin18,h, F. Cevenini100a,100b, A.C. Chafaq132a, D. Chakraborty5, J.D. Chapman27, J.W. Chapman85, E.C. Chareyre76, D.G. Charlton17, S.C. Chatterjii20, S. Cheatham69, S. Chekanov5, S.V. Chekulaev153a, G.A. Chelkov63, H. Chen24, T. Chen32, X. Chen165, S. Cheng32, T.L. Cheng74, A. Cheplakov52, V.F. Chepurnov63, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli132d, V. Tcherniatine24, D. Chesneanu25a, E. Cheu6, S.L. Cheung152, L. Chevalier133, F. Chevallier133, V. Chiarella46, G. Chiefari100a,100b, L. Chikovani50, J.T. Childers57a, A. Chilingarov69, G. Chiodini70a, S. Chouridou134, D. Chren124, I.A. Christidi149, A. Christov47, D. Chromek-Burckhart29, M.L. Chu146, J. Chudoba122, G. Ciapetti129a,129b, A.K. Ciftci3, R. Ciftci3, V. Cindro72, M.D. Ciobotaru157, C. Ciocca19a,19b, A. Ciocio14, M. Cirilli85, M. Citterio87a, A. Clark48, W. Cleland120, J.C. Clemens81, B. Clement54, C. Cl´ement142, D. Clements52, Y. Coadou29, M. Cobal158a,158c, A. Coccaro49a,49b, J. Cochran62, S. Coelli87a,87b, J. Coggeshall160, E. Cogneras16, C.D. Cojocaru28, J. Colas4, B. Cole34, A.P. Colijn103, C. Collard112, N.J. Collins17, C. Collins-Tooth52, J. Collot54, G. Colon82, R. Coluccia70a,70b, P. Conde Mui˜no121b, E. Coniavitis159, M. Consonni102, S. Constantinescu25a, C. Conta 116a,116b, F. Conventi 100a,i, J. Cook29, M. Cooke34, B.D. Cooper73, N.J. Cooper-Smith74, K. Copic34, T. Cornelissen29, M. Corradi19a, F.C. Corriveau83,j, A. Corso-Radu157, A. Cortes-Gonzalez160, G. Costa87a, M.J. Costa161, D. Costanzo136, T. Costin30, D. Cˆot´e41, R. Coura Torres23a, L. Courneyea163, G. Cowan74, C.C. Cowden27, B.E. Cox80, K. Cranmer105, J. Cranshaw5, M. Cristinziani20, G. Crosetti36a,36b, R.C. Crupi70a,70b, S. Cr´ep´e-Renaudin54, C.-M. Cuciuc25a, C. Cuenca Almenar157, M. Curatolo46, C.J. Curtis17, P. Cwetanski60, Z. Czyczula35, S. D’Auria52, M. D’Onofrio11, A. D’Orazio97, A. Da Rocha Gesualdi Mello23a, P.V.M. Da Silva23a, C.V. Da Via80, W. Dabrowski37, T. Dai85, C. Dallapiccola82, S.J. Dallison126, C.H. Daly135, M. Dam35, H.O. Danielsson29, D. Dannheim29, V. Dao48, G. Darbo49a, W.D. Davey84, T. Davidek123, N. Davidson84, R. Davidson69, A.R. Davison75, I. Dawson136, J.W. Dawson5, R.K. Daya39, K. De7, R. de Asmundis100a, S. De Castro19a,19b, P.E. De Castro Faria Salgado29, S. De Cecco76, N. De Groot102, P. de Jong103, E. De La Cruz-Burelo85, C. De La Taille112, L. De Mora69, M. De Oliveira Branco29, D. De Pedis129a, A. De Salvo129a, U. De Sanctis87a,87b, A. De Santo74, J.B. De Vivie De Regie112, G. De Zorzi129a,129b, S. Dean75, G. Dedes97, D.V. Dedovich63, P.O. Defay33, J. Degenhardt 117, M. Dehchar115, C. Del Papa158a,158c, J. Del Peso78, T. Del Prete119a,119b, A. Dell’Acqua29, L. Dell’Asta87a,87b, M. Della Pietra100a,i, D. della Volpe100a,100b, M. Delmastro29, N. Delruelle29, P.A. Delsart54, S. Demers140, M. Demichev63, B. Demirk¨oz29, W. Deng24, S.P. Denisov125, C. Dennis115, F. Derue76, P. Dervan71, K.K. Desch20, P.O. Deviveiros152, A. Dewhurst69, R. Dhullipudi24,k, A. Di Ciaccio130a,130b, L. Di Ciaccio4, A. Di Domenico129a,129b, A. Di Girolamo29, B. Di Girolamo 29, S. Di Luise131a,131b, A. Di Mattia86, R. Di Nardo130a,130b, A. Di Simone130a,130b, R. Di Sipio19a,19b, M.A. Diaz31a, E.B. Diehl85, J. Dietrich47,

Viii

S. Diglio131a,131b, K. Dindar Yagci39, D.J. Dingfelder47, C. Dionisi129a,129b, P. Dita 25a, S. Dita 25a, F. Dittus29, F. Djama81, R. Djilkibaev105, T. Djobava50, M.A.B. do Vale23a, M. Dobbs83, R. Dobinson 29,∗, D. Dobos29, E. Dobson115, M. Dobson29, O.B. Dogan18,∗, T. Doherty52, Y. Doi64, J. Dolejsi123, I. Dolenc72, Z. Dolezal123, B.A. Dolgoshein94, M. Donega117, J. Donini54, T. Donszelmann136, J. Dopke167, D.E. Dorfan134, A. Doria100a, A. Dos Anjos165, M. Dosil11, A. Dotti119a,119b, M.T. Dova68, A. Doxiadis103, A.T. Doyle52, J.D. Dragic74, Z. Drasal123, N. Dressnandt117, C. Driouichi35, M. Dris 9, J. Dubbert97, E. Duchovni164, G. Duckeck96, A. Dudarev29, M. D¨uhrssen 47, I.P. Duerdoth80, L. Duflot112, M-A. Dufour83, M. Dunford30, A. Duperrin81, H. Duran Yildiz3,l, A. Dushkin22, R. Duxfield136, M. Dwuznik37, M. D¨uren51, W.L. Ebenstein44, S. Eckert47, S. Eckweiler79, K. Edmonds20, P. Eerola77,m, K. Egorov60, W. Ehrenfeld41,n, T. Ehrich97, T. Eifert48, G. Eigen13, K. Einsweiler14, E. Eisenhandler73, T. Ekelof159, M. El Kacimi4, M. Ellert159, S. Elles4, K. Ellis73, N. Ellis29, J. Elmsheuser 96, M. Elsing29, R. Ely14, D. Emeliyanov126, R. Engelmann144, A. Engl96, B. Epp61, A. Eppig 85, V.S. Epshteyn93, J. Erdmann97, A. Ereditato16, D. Eriksson142, I. Ermoline86, J. Ernst1, E. Ernst24, J. Ernwein133, D. Errede160, S. Errede160, M. Escalier112, C. Escobar161, X. Espinal Curull11, B. Esposito46, F. Etienne81, A.I. Etienvre133, E. Etzion148, H. Evans60, L. Fabbri19a,19b, C. Fabre29, P. Faccioli19a,19b, K. Facius35, R.M. Fakhrutdinov125, S. Falciano129a, A.C. Falou112, Y. Fang165, M. Fanti87a,87b, A. Farbin7, A. Farilla131a, J. Farley144, T. Farooque152, S.M. Farrington115, P. Farthouat29, F. Fassi161, P. Fassnacht29, D. Fassouliotis8, B. Fatholahzadeh152, L. Fayard112, F. Fayette76, R. Febbraro33, P. Federic141, O.L. Fedin118, I. Fedorko29, L. Feligioni81, C. Feng32, E.J. Feng30, A.B. Fenyuk125, J. Ferencei141, J. Ferland91, W. Fernando106, S. Ferrag52, A. Ferrari159, P. Ferrari103, R. Ferrari116a, A. Ferrer161, M.L. Ferrer46, D. Ferrere48, C. Ferretti85, M. Fiascaris115, F. Fiedler79, A. Filipˇciˇc72, A. Filippas9, F. Filthaut102, M. Fincke-Keeler163, L. Fiorini11, A. Firan39, G. Fischer41, M.J. Fisher106, H.F. Flacher29, M. Flechl159, I. Fleck138, J. Fleckner79, P. Fleischmann133, S. Fleischmann20, C.M. Fleta Corral161, T. Flick167, L.R. Flores Castillo165, M.J. Flowerdew71, F. F¨ohlisch57a, M. Fokitis9, T. Fonseca Martin74, D.A. Forbush135, A. Formica133, A. Forti80, J.M. Foster80, D. Fournier112, A. Foussat29, A.J. Fowler44, K.F. Fowler 134, H. Fox69, P. Francavilla119a,119b, S. Franchino116a,116b, D. Francis29, S. Franz29, M. Fraternali116a,116b, S. Fratina117, J. Freestone80, R. Froeschl29, D. Froidevaux29, J.A. Frost27, C. Fukunaga151, E. Fullana Torregrosa5, J. Fuster161, C. Gabaldon78, O.G. Gabizon164, T. Gadfort34, S. Gadomski48,o, G. Gagliardi49a,49b, P. Gagnon60, E.J. Gallas115, M.V. Gallas29, B.J. Gallop126, E. Galyaev40, K.K. Gan106, Y.S. Gao140,p, A. Gaponenko14, M. Garcia-Sciveres14, C. Garc´ıa161, J.E. Garc´ıa Navarro48, R.W. Gardner30, N. Garelli49a,49b, H. Garitaonandia103, V.G. Garonne29, C. Gatti46, G. Gaudio116a, O. Gaumer48, P. Gauzzi129a,129b, I.L. Gavrilenko92, C. Gay162, G.G. Gaycken20, J-C. Gayde29, E.N. Gazis9, C.N.P. Gee126, Ch. Geich-Gimbel20, K. Gellerstedt142, C. Gemme49a, M.H. Genest96, S. Gentile129a,129b, F. Georgatos9, S. George74, P. Gerlach167, C. Geweniger57a, H. Ghazlane132d, P. Ghez4, N. Ghodbane33, B. Giacobbe19a, S. Giagu129a,129b, V. Giangiobbe119a,119b, F. Gianotti29, B. Gibbard24, A. Gibson152, S.M. Gibson115, L.M. Gilbert115, M. Gilchriese14, V. Gilewsky89, A.R. Gillman126, D.M. Gingrich2,g, J. Ginzburg148, N. Giokaris8, M.P. Giordani 158a,158c, P. Giovannini97, P.F. Giraud29, P. Girtler61, D. Giugni87a, P. Giusti19a, B.K. Gjelsten114, L.K. Gladilin95, C. Glasman78, A. Glazov41, K.W. Glitza167, G.L. Glonti63, K.G. Gnanvo73, J.G. Godfrey139, J. Godlewski29, T. G¨opfert43, C. G¨ossling42, T. G¨ottfert97, V.G. Goggi116a,116b, S. Goldfarb85, D. Goldin39, T. Golling14, N.P. Gollub29, A. Gomes121b, R. Gonc¸alo74, C. Gong32, S. Gonz´alez de la Hoz161, M.L. Gonzalez Silva26, S. Gonz´alez-Sevilla48, J.J. Goodson144, L. Goossens29, P.A. Gorbounov152, H. Gordon24, I. Gorelov101, G. Gorfine167, B. Gorini29, E. Gorini70a,70b, A. Goriˇsek72, E. Gornicki38, S.A. Gorokhov125, S.V. Goryachev125, V.N. Goryachev125, B. Gosdzik41, M. Gosselink103, M.I. Gostkin63, I. Gough Eschrich157, M. Gouighri132a, D. Goujdami132a, M. Goulette29, A.G. Goussiou135, S. Gowdy140, C. Goy4, I. Grabowska-Bold157, P. Grafstr¨om29, K-J. Grahn143,

Ix

L. Granado Cardoso121b, F. Grancagnolo70a, S. Grancagnolo70a,70b, V. Gratchev118, H.M. Gray34,q, J.A. Gray144, E. Graziani131a, B. Green74, Z.D. Greenwood24,k, I.M. Gregor41, E. Griesmayer45, N. Grigalashvili63, A.A. Grillo134, K. Grimm144, Y.V. Grishkevich95, L.S. Groer152, J. Grognuz29, M. Groh97, M. Groll79, E. Gross164, J. Grosse-Knetter53, J. Groth-Jensen77, C. Gruse25a, K. Grybel138, V.J. Guarino5, C. Guicheney33, A.G. Guida70a,70b, T. Guillemin4, J. Gunther122, B. Guo152, A. Gupta30, Y. Gusakov63, P. Gutierrez108, N.G. Guttman148, O. Gutzwiller29, C. Guyot133, C. Gwenlan115, C.B. Gwilliam71, A. Haas34, S. Haas29, C. Haber14, R. Hackenburg24, H.K. Hadavand39, D.R. Hadley17, R. H¨artel97, Z. Hajduk38, H. Hakobyan48, H. Hakobyan169, R.H. Hakobyan2, J. Haller41,n, K. Hamacher167, A. Hamilton48, H. Han32, L. Han 32, K. Hanagaki113, M. Hance117, C. Handel79, P. Hanke57a, J.R. Hansen35, J.B. Hansen35, J.D. Hansen35, P.H. Hansen35, T. Hansl-Kozanecka134, P. Hansson143, K. Hara154, G.A. Hare134, T. Harenberg167, R.D. Harrington21, O.B. Harris75, O.M. Harris135, J.C. Hart126, J. Hartert47, F. Hartjes103, T. Haruyama64, A. Harvey55, S. Hasegawa99, Y. Hasegawa137, K. Hashemi22, S. Hassani133, M. Hatch29, F. Haug29, S. Haug16, M. Hauschild29, R. Hauser86, M. Havranek122, R.J. Hawkings29, D. Hawkins157, T. Hayakawa65, H.S. Hayward71, S.J. Haywood126, M. He32, S.J. Head80, V. Hedberg77, L. Heelan28, B. Heinemann14, F.E.W. Heinemann115, M. Heldmann47, S. Hellman142, C. Helsens133, R.C.W. Henderson69, M. Henke57a, A.M. Henriques Correia29, S. Henrot-Versille112, T. Henß167, A.D. Hershenhorn147, G. Herten47, R. Hertenberger96, L. Hervas29, N.P. Hessey103, A. Hidvegi142, E. Hig´on-Rodriguez161, D. Hill5,∗, J.C. Hill27, K.H. Hiller41, S.J. Hillier17, I. Hinchliffe14, C. Hinkelbein57b, F. Hirsch42, J. Hobbs144, N.H. Hod148, M.C. Hodgkinson136, P. Hodgson136, A. Hoecker29, M.R. Hoeferkamp101, J. Hoffman39, D. Hoffmann81, M.H. Hohlfeld20, S.O. Holmgren142, T. Holy124, Y. Homma65, P. Homola124, T. Horazdovsky124, T. Hori65, C. Horn140, S. Horner47, S. Horvat97, J-Y. Hostachy54, S. Hou146, M.A. Houlden71, A. Hoummada132a, J. Hrivnac112, I. Hruska122, T. Hryn’ova4, P.J. Hsu168, G.S. Huang108, J. Huang157, Z. Hubacek124, F. Hubaut81, F. Huegging20, E.W. Hughes34, G. Hughes69, R.E. Hughes-Jones80, P. Hurst56, M. Hurwitz30, T. Huse 114, N. Huseynov10, J. Huston86, J. Huth56, G. Iacobucci100a, M. Ibbotson80, I. Ibragimov138, R. Ichimiya65, L. Iconomidou-Fayard112, J. Idarraga91, P. Iengo29, O. Igonkina103, Y. Ikegami64, M. Ikeno64, Y. Ilchenko39, D.I. Iliadis149, Y. Ilyushenka63, M. Imori150, T. Ince163, P. Ioannou 8, M. Iodice131a, A. Ishikawa65, M. Ishino150, Y. Ishizawa153a, R. Ishmukhametov39, T. Isobe150, V. Issakov168, C. Issever115, S. Istin18, A.V. Ivashin125, W. Iwanski38, H. Iwasaki64, J.M. Izen40, V. Izzo100a, J.N. Jackson71, M. Jaekel29, M. Jahoda122, V. Jain60, K. Jakobs47, J. Jakubek124, D. Jana108, E. Jansen102, A. Jantsch97, R.C. Jared165, G. Jarlskog77, P. Jarron29, K. Jelen37, I. Jen-La Plante30, P. Jenni29, P. Jez35, S. J´ez´equel4, W. Ji77, J. Jia144, Y. Jiang32, G. Jin32, S. Jin32, O. Jinnouchi64, D. Joffe39, L.G. Johansen13, M. Johansen142, K.E. Johansson142, P. Johansson136, K.A. Johns6, K. Jon-And142, A. Jones160, G. Jones80, R.W.L. Jones69, T.W. Jones75, T.J. Jones71, O. Jonsson29, D. Joos47, C. Joram29, P.M. Jorge121b, S. Jorgensen11, P. Jovanovic17, V. Juranek122, P. Jussel61, V.V. Kabachenko125, S. Kabana16, M. Kaci161, A. Kaczmarska38, M. Kado112, H. Kagan106, M. Kagan56, S. Kaiser97, E. Kajomovitz147, L.V. Kalinovskaya63, A. Kalinowski127, S. Kama41, N. Kanaya150, M. Kaneda150, V.A. Kantserov94, J. Kanzaki64, B. Kaplan168, A. Kapliy30, J. Kaplon29, M. Karagounis20, M. Karagoz Unel115, K. Karr5, V. Kartvelishvili69, A.N. Karyukhin125, L. Kashif56, A. Kasmi39, R.D. Kass106, M. Kataoka29, Y. Kataoka150, E. Katsoufis 9, J. Katzy41, K. Kawagoe65, T. Kawamoto150, M.S. Kayl103, F. Kayumov92, V.A. Kazanin 104, M.Y. Kazarinov63, S.I. Kazi84, J.R. Keates80, R. Keeler163, P.T. Keener117, R. Kehoe39, M. Keil48, G.D. Kekelidze63, M. Kelly80, J. Kennedy96, M. Kenyon52, O. Kepka133, N. Kerschen136, B.P. Kerˇsevan72, S. Kersten167, M. Khakzad28, F. Khalilzade10, H. Khandanyan160, A. Khanov109, D. Kharchenko63, A. Khodinov144, A.G. Kholodenko125, A. Khomich57a, G. Khoriauli20, N. Khovanskiy63, V. Khovanskiy93, E. Khramov63, J. Khubua50, G. Kilvington74, H. Kim7, M.S. Kim2, S.H. Kim154, O. Kind15, P. Kind167, B.T. King71, J. Kirk126, G.P. Kirsch115, L.E. Kirsch22, A.E. Kiryunin97, D. Kisielewska37, T. Kittelmann120, H. Kiyamura65, E. Kladiva141, J. Klaiber-Lodewigs42, M. Klein71, U. Klein71,

X

K. Kleinknecht79, A. Klier164, A. Klimentov24, R. Klingenberg42, E.B. Klinkby44, T. Klioutchnikova29, P.F. Klok102, S. Klous103, E.-E. Kluge57a, T. Kluge71, P. Kluit103, M. Klute53, S. Kluth97, N.S. Knecht152, E. Kneringer61, B.R. Ko44, T. Kobayashi150, M. Kobel43, B. Koblitz29, A. Kocnar110, P. Kodys123, K. K¨oneke41, A.C. K¨onig102, S. K¨onig47, L. K¨opke79, F. Koetsveld102, P. Koevesarki20, T. Koffas29, E. Koffeman103, Z. Kohout 124, T. Kohriki64, T. Kokott20, H. Kolanoski15, V. Kolesnikov63, I. Koletsou4, I. Koletsou112, M. Kollefrath47, S. Kolos157,r, S.D. Kolya80, A.A. Komar92, J.R. Komaragiri139, T. Kondo64, T. Kono29, A.I. Kononov47, R. Konoplich105, S.P. Konovalov92, N. Konstantinidis75, A. Kootz167, S. Koperny37, K. Korcyl38, K. Kordas16, V. Koreshev125, A. Korn14, I. Korolkov11, V.A. Korotkov125, O. Kortner97, V.V. Kostyukhin49a, M.J. Kotam¨aki29, S. Kotov97, V.M. Kotov63, K.Y. Kotov 104, Z. Koupilova 123, C. Kourkoumelis8, A. Koutsman103, S. Kovar29, R. Kowalewski163, H. Kowalski41, T.Z. Kowalski37, W. Kozanecki133, A.S. Kozhin125, V. Kral124, V.A. Kramarenko95, G. Kramberger72, M.W. Krasny76, A. Krasznahorkay29, A.K. Kreisel148, F. Krejci124, A. Krepouri149, P. Krieger152, G. Krobath96, K. Kroeninger53, H. Kroha97, J. Kroll117, J. Krstic12a, U. Kruchonak63, H. Kr¨uger20, Z.V. Krumshteyn63, T. Kubota150, S.K. Kuehn47, A. Kugel57b, T. Kuhl167, D. Kuhn61, V. Kukhtin63, Y. Kulchitsky88, S. Kuleshov31b, C.K. Kummer96, M. Kuna81, A. Kupco122, H. Kurashige65, M.K. Kurata154, L.L. Kurchaninov153a, Y.A. Kurochkin88, V. Kus122, W. Kuykendall135, E.K. Kuznetsova129a,129b, O. Kvasnicka122, R. Kwee15, M. La Rosa84, L. La Rotonda36a,36b, L. Labarga78, J.A. Labbe54, C. Lacasta161, F. Lacava129a,129b, H. Lacker15, D. Lacour76, V.R. Lacuesta161, E. Ladygin63, R. Lafaye4, B. Laforge76, T. Lagouri78, S. Lai47, M. Lamanna29, M. Lambacher96, C.L. Lampen6, W. Lampl6, E. Lancon133, U. Landgraf47, M.P.J. Landon73, J.L. Lane80, A.J. Lankford157, F. Lanni24, K. Lantzsch29, A. Lanza116a, S. Laplace4, C.L. Lapoire81, J.F. Laporte133, T. Lari87a, A.V. Larionov 125, C. Lasseur29, M. Lassnig29, P. Laurelli 46, W. Lavrijsen14, A.B. Lazarev63, A-C. Le Bihan29, O. Le Dortz76, C. Le Maner152, M. Le Vine24, M. Leahu29, C. Lebel91, T. LeCompte5, F. Ledroit-Guillon54, H. Lee103, J.S.H. Lee145, S.C. Lee146, M. Lefebvre163, R.P. Lefevre48, M. Legendre133, A. Leger48, B.C. LeGeyt117, F. Legger97, C. Leggett14, M. Lehmacher20, G. Lehmann Miotto29, X. Lei6, R. Leitner123, D. Lelas163, D. Lellouch164, M. Leltchouk34, V. Lendermann57a, K.J.C. Leney71, T. Lenz167, G. Lenzen167, B. Lenzi133, C. Leroy91, J-R. Lessard163, C.G. Lester27, A. Leung Fook Cheong165, J. Levˆeque81, D. Levin85, L.J. Levinson164, M.S. Levitski125, S. Levonian41, M. Lewandowska21, M. Leyton14, J. Li7, S. Li41, X. Li85, Z. Liang39, Z. Liang146, B. Liberti130a, P. Lichard29, M. Lichtnecker96, W. Liebig103, R. Lifshitz147, D. Liko29, J.N. Lilley17, H. Lim5, M. Limper103, S.C. Lin146, S.W. Lindsay71, V. Linhart124, A. Liolios149, L. Lipinsky122, A. Lipniacka13, T.M. Liss160, A. Lissauer24, A.M. Litke134, C. Liu28, D.L. Liu146, J.L. Liu85, M. Liu32,b, S. Liu2, T. Liu39, Y. Liu32, M. Livan116a,116b, A. Lleres54, S.L. Lloyd73, E. Lobodzinska41, P. Loch6, W.S. Lockman134, S. Lockwitz168, T. Loddenkoetter20, F.K. Loebinger80, A. Loginov168, C.W. Loh162, T. Lohse15, K. Lohwasser115, M. Lokajicek122, J. Loken 115, D. Lopez Mateos34,q, M. Losada156, M.J. Losty153a, X. Lou40, K.F. Loureiro106, L. Lovas141, J. Love21, A. Lowe60, F. Lu32,b, J. Lu2, H.J. Lubatti135, C. Luci129a,129b, A. Lucotte54, A. Ludwig43, I. Ludwig47, J. Ludwig47, F. Luehring60, L. Luisa158a,158c, D. Lumb47, L. Luminari129a, E. Lund114, B. Lund-Jensen143, B. Lundberg77, J. Lundquist35, A. Lupi119a,119b, G. Lutz97, D. Lynn24, J. Lys14, E. Lytken29, H. Ma24, L.L. Ma152, M. Maaßen47, G. Maccarrone 46, A. Macchiolo97, B. Maˇcek72, R. Mackeprang29, R.J. Madaras14, W.F. Mader43, R. Maenner57b, T. Maeno24, P. M¨attig167, C. Magass20, C.A. Magrath102, Y. Mahalalel148, K. Mahboubi47, A. Mahmood1, G. Mahout17, C. Maidantchik23a, A. Maio121b, G.M. Mair61, S. Majewski24, Y. Makida64, N.M. Makovec112, Pa. Malecki38, P. Malecki38, V.P. Maleev118, F. Malek54, U. Mallik140, D. Malon5, S. Maltezos 9, V. Malychev104, M. Mambelli30, R. Mameghani96, J. Mamuzic41, A. Manabe64, L. Mandelli87a,87b, I. Mandi´c72, J. Maneira121b, P.S. Mangeard81, I.D. Manjavidze63, A. Manousakis-Katsikakis8, B. Mansoulie133, A. Mapelli29, L. March Ruiz78, J.F. Marchand4, F.M. Marchese130a,130b, M. Marcisovsky122, C.N. Marques121b, F. Marroquim23a, R. Marshall80, Z. Marshall34,q,

Xi

F.K. Martens152, S. Marti i Garcia161, A. Martin73, A.J. Martin168, B. Martin29, B. Martin86, F.F. Martin117, J.P. Martin91, M. Martinez Perez11, V. Martinez Outschoorn56, A. Martini46, V. Martynenko153b, A.C. Martyniuk80, T. Maruyama154, F. Marzano129a, A. Marzin133, L. Masetti20, T. Mashimo150, R. Mashinistov94, J. Masik80, A.L. Maslennikov104, G. Massaro103, N. Massol4, A. Mastroberardino36a,36b, M. Mathes20, P. Matricon112, H. Matsumoto150, H. Matsunaga150, T. Matsushita65, J.M. Maugain29, S.J. Maxfield71, E.N. May5, A. Mayne136, R. Mazini152, M. Mazzanti87a,87b, P. Mazzanti19a, S.P. Mc Kee85, R.L. McCarthy144, C. McCormick157, N.A. McCubbin126, K.W. McFarlane55, S. McGarvie74, H. McGlone52, R.A. McLaren29, S.J. McMahon126, T.R. McMahon74, R.A. McPherson163,j, J.M. Mechnich103, M. Mechtel167, D. Meder-Marouelli167, M. Medinnis41, R. Meera-Lebbai108, R. Mehdiyev91, S. Mehlhase41, A. Mehta71, K. Meier57a, B. Meirose 47, A. Melamed-Katz164, B.R. Mellado Garcia165, Z.M. Meng146, S. Menke97, E. Meoni36a,36b, D. Merkl96, P. Mermod142, L. Merola100a,100b, C. Meroni87a, F.S. Merritt30, A.M. Messina29, I. Messmer47, J. Metcalfe101, A.S. Mete62, J-P. Meyer133, J. Meyer53, T.C. Meyer29, W.T. Meyer62, L. Micu25a, R. Middleton126, S. Migas71, L. Mijovi´c72, G. Mikenberg164, M. Mikuˇz72, D.W. Miller140, R.J. Miller86, B.M. Mills162, C.M. Mills56, M. Milosavljevic12a, D.A. Milstead142, S. Mima107, A.A. Minaenko125, M. Mi˜nano161, I.A. Minashvili63, A.I. Mincer105, B. Mindur37, M. Mineev63, L.M. Mir11, G. Mirabelli129a, S. Misawa24, S. Miscetti46, A. Misiejuk74, J.M. Mitrevski134, V.A. Mitsou161, P.S. Miyagawa80, J.U. Mj¨ornmark77, D. Mladenov22, T. Moa142, M. Moch129a,129b, A. Mochizuki154, P. Mockett135, P. Modesto161, S. Moed56, V. Moeller27, K. M¨onig41, N. M¨oser20, B. Mohn13, W. Mohr47, S. Mohrdieck-M¨ock97, R. Moles-Valls161, J. Molina-Perez29, G. Moloney84, J. Monk75, E. Monnier81, S. Montesano87a,87b, F. Monticelli68, R.W. Moore2, C.M. Mora Herrera48, A. Moraes52, A. Morais121b, J. Morel4, D. Moreno156, M. Moreno Ll´acer161, P. Morettini 49a, M. Morii56, J. Morin73, A.K. Morley84, G. Mornacchi29, S.V. Morozov94, J.D. Morris73, H.G. Moser97, M. Mosidze50, J.M. Moss106, A. Moszczynski38, E. Mountricha9, S.V. Mouraviev92, E.J.W. Moyse82, J. Mueller120, K. Mueller20, T.A. M¨uller96, D.M. Muenstermann42, A.M. Muir162, R. Murillo Garcia157, W.J. Murray126, E. Musto100a,100b, A.G. Myagkov125, M. Myska122, J. Nadal11, K. Nagai24, K. Nagano64, Y. Nagasaka59, A.M. Nairz29, I. Nakano107, H. Nakatsuka65, G. Nanava20, A. Napier155, M. Nash75,s, N.R. Nation21, T. Naumann41, G. Navarro156, S.K. Nderitu20, H.A. Neal85, E. Nebot78, P. Nechaeva92, A. Negri116a,116b, G. Negri29, A. Nelson62, S. Nemecek122, P. Nemethy105, A.A. Nepomuceno23a, M. Nessi29, S.Y. Nesterov118, M.S. Neubauer160, A. Neusiedl79, R.N. Neves121b, P. Nevski24, F.M. Newcomer117, C. Ng154, C. Nicholson52, R.B. Nickerson115, R. Nicolaidou133, G. Nicoletti46, B. Nicquevert29, J. Nielsen134, A. Nikiforov41, N. Nikitin95, K. Nikolaev63, I. Nikolic-Audit76, K. Nikolopoulos8, H. Nilsen47, P. Nilsson7, A. Nisati129a, R. Nisius97, L.J. Nodulman5, M. Nomachi113, I. Nomidis149, H. Nomoto150, M. Nordberg29, D. Notz41, J. Novakova123, M. Nozaki64, M. Nozicka41, A.-E. Nuncio-Quiroz20, G. Nunes Hanninger20, T. Nunnemann96, S.W. O’Neale17,∗, D.C. O’Neil139, V. O’Shea52, F.G. Oakham28,a, H. Oberlack97, A. Ochi65, S. Odaka64, G.A. Odino49a,49b, H. Ogren60, S.H. Oh44, T. Ohshima99, H. Ohshita137, T. Ohsugi58, S. Okada65, H. Okawa150, Y. Okumura99, M. Olcese49a, A.G. Olchevski63, M. Oliveira121b, D. Oliveira Damazio24, J. Oliver56, E.O. Oliver Garcia161, D. Olivito 117, A. Olszewski38, J. Olszowska38, C. Omachi65, A. Onea29, A. Onofre121b, C.J. Oram153a, G. Ordonez102, M.J. Oreglia30, Y. Oren148, D. Orestano131a,131b, I.O. Orlov 104, R.S. Orr152, E.O. Ortega127, B. Osculati49a,49b, C. Osuna11, R. Otec124, F. Ould-Saada114, A. Ouraou133, Q. Ouyang32, O.K. Øye13, V.E. Ozcan75, K. Ozone64, N. Ozturk7, A. Pacheco Pages11, S. Padhi165, C. Padilla Aranda11, E. Paganis136, F. Paige24, K. Pajchel114, A. Pal7, S. Palestini29, J. Palla29, D. Pallin33, A. Palma121b, Y.B. Pan165, E. Panagiotopoulou9, B. Panes31a, N. Panikashvili85, S. Panitkin24, D. Pantea25a, M. Panuskova122, V. Paolone120, Th.D. Papadopoulou9, W. Park24,t, M.A. Parker27, S. Parker14, F. Parodi49a,49b, J.A. Parsons34, U. Parzefall47, E. Pasqualucci129a, G. Passardi29, A. Passeri131a, F. Pastore131a,131b, Fr. Pastore29, S. Pataraia97, J.R. Pater80, S. Patricelli100a,100b, P. Patwa24, T. Pauly29, L.S. Peak145,

Xii

M. Pecsy141, M.I. Pedraza Morales165, S.V. Peleganchuk104, H. Peng165, R. Pengo29, J. Penwell60, M. Perantoni23a, A. Pereira121b, K. Perez34,q, E. Perez Codina11, V. Perez Reale34, L. Perini87a,87b, H. Pernegger29, R. Perrino70a, P. Perrodo4, P. Perus112, V.D. Peshekhonov63, B.A. Petersen29, J. Petersen29, T.C. Petersen29, C. Petridou149, E. Petrolo129a, F. Petrucci131a,131b, R. Petti24,t, R. Pezoa31b, M. Pezzetti29, B. Pfeifer47, A. Phan84, A.W. Phillips27, G. Piacquadio47, M. Piccinini19a,19b, R. Piegaia26, S. Pier157, J.E. Pilcher30, A.D. Pilkington80, J. Pina121b, J.L. Pinfold2, J. Ping32, B. Pinto121b, O. Pirotte29, C. Pizio87a,87b, R. Placakyte41, M. Plamondon112, W.G. Plano80, M.-A. Pleier20, A. Poblaguev168, F. Podlyski33, P. Poffenberger163, L. Poggioli112, M. Pohl48, F. Polci112, G. Polesello116a, A. Policicchio135, A. Polini19a, J.P. Poll73, V. Polychronakos24, D.M. Pomarede133, K. Pomm`es29, L. Pontecorvo129a, B.G. Pope86, R. Popescu24, D.S. Popovic12a, A. Poppleton29, J. Popule122, X. Portell Bueso47, R. Porter157, G.E. Pospelov97, P. Pospichal29, S. Pospisil124, M. Potekhin24, I.N. Potrap97, C.J. Potter74, C.T. Potter83, K.P. Potter80, G. Poulard29, J. Poveda165, R. Prabhu20, P. Pralavorio81, S. Prasad56, R. Pravahan7, T. Preda25a, K. Pretzl16, L. Pribyl29, D. Price69, L.E. Price5, M.J. Price29, P.M. Prichard71, D. Prieur126, M. Primavera70a, K. Prokofiev29, F. Prokoshin31b, S. Protopopescu24, J. Proudfoot5, H. Przysiezniak 4, C. Puigdengoles11, J. Purdham85, M. Purohit24,t, P. Puzo112, Y. Pylypchenko114, M.T. P´erez Garc´ıa-Esta˜n161, M. Qi32, J. Qian85, W. Qian126, Z. Qian81, Z. Qin41, D. Qing146, A. Quadt53, D.R. Quarrie14, W.B. Quayle165, F. Quinonez31a, M. Raas102, V. Radeka24, V. Radescu41, B. Radics20, T. Rador18, F. Ragusa87a,87b, G. Rahal173, A.M. Rahimi106, D. Rahm24, S. Rajagopalan24, S. Rajek42, P.N. Ratoff69, F. Rauscher96, E. Rauter97, M. Raymond29, A.L. Read 114, D.M. Rebuzzi97, G.R. Redlinger24, R. Reece 117, K. Reeves167, E. Reinherz-Aronis148, I. Reisinger42, D. Reljic12a, C. Rembser29, Z. Ren146, P. Renkel39, S. Rescia24, M. Rescigno129a, S. Resconi87a, B. Resende103, E. Rezaie139, P. Reznicek123, A. Richards75, R.A. Richards86, R. Richter97, E. Richter-Was38,u, M. Ridel76, S. Rieke79, M. Rijpstra103, M. Rijssenbeek144, A. Rimoldi116a,116b, R.R. Rios 39, C. Risler15, I. Riu 11, G. Rivoltella87a,87b, F. Rizatdinova109, K. Roberts160, S.H. Robertson83,j, A. Robichaud-Veronneau48, D. Robinson27, A. Robson52, J.G. Rocha de Lima5, C. Roda119a,119b, D. Rodriguez156, Y. Rodriguez156, S. Roe29, O. Røhne114, V. Rojo1, S. Rolli155, A. Romaniouk94, V.M. Romanov63, G. Romeo26, D. Romero31a, L. Roos76, E. Ros161, S. Rosati129a,129b, G.A. Rosenbaum152, E.I. Rosenberg62, L. Rosselet48, L.P. Rossi49a, M. Rotaru25a, J. Rothberg135, I. Rottl¨ander20, D. Rousseau112, C.R. Royon133, A. Rozanov81, Y. Rozen147, B. Ruckert96, N. Ruckstuhl103, V.I. Rud95, G. Rudolph61, F. R¨uhr57a, F. Ruggieri131a, A. Ruiz-Martinez161, V. Rumiantsev89,∗, L. Rumyantsev63, N.A. Rusakovich63, D.R. Rust60, J.P. Rutherfoord6, C. Ruwiedel20, P. Ruzicka122, Y.F. Ryabov118, V. Ryadovikov125, P. Ryan86, A.M. Rybin125, G. Rybkin112, S. Rzaeva10, A.F. Saavedra145, H.F-W. Sadrozinski134, R. Sadykov63, H. Sakamoto150, G. Salamanna 103, A. Salamon130a, M. Saleem108, D. Salihagic97, A. Salnikov140, J. Salt161, B.M. Salvachua Ferrando5, D. Salvatore36a,36b, F. Salvatore74, A. Salzburger41, D. Sampsonidis149, B.H. Samset114, M.A. Sanchis Lozano161, H. Sandaker 13, H.G. Sander79, M. Sandhoff167, S. Sandvoss167, D.P.C. Sankey126, B. Sanny167, A. Sansoni46, C. Santamarina Rios83, L. Santi158a,158c, C. Santoni33, R. Santonico130a,130b, D. Santos121b, J.G. Saraiva121b, T. Sarangi 165, F. Sarri119a,119b, O. Sasaki64, T. Sasaki64, N. Sasao66, I. Satsounkevitch88, G. Sauvage4, P. Savard152,a, A.Y. Savine6, V. Savinov120, L. Sawyer24,k, D.H. Saxon52, L.P. Says33, C. Sbarra19a,19b, A. Sbrizzi19a,19b, D.A. Scannicchio, J. Schaarschmidt43, P. Schacht 97, U. Sch¨afer79, S. Schaetzel29, A.C. Schaffer112, D. Schaile96, R. Schamberger144, A.G. Schamov 104, V.A. Schegelsky118, M. Schernau157, M.I. Scherzer14, C. Schiavi49a,49b, J. Schieck97, M. Schioppa36a,36b, S. Schlenker29, J.L. Schlereth5, P. Schmid29, M.P. Schmidt168,∗, C. Schmitt20, M. Schmitz20, M. Schott29, D. Schouten139, J. Schovancova122, M. Schram83, A. Schreiner140,d, M.S. Schroers167, S. Schuh29, G. Schuler29, J. Schultes167, H-C. Schultz-Coulon57a, J. Schumacher43, M. Schumacher47, B.S. Schumm134, Ph. Schune133, C.S. Schwanenberger80, A. Schwartzman140, Ph. Schwemling76, R. Schwienhorst86, R. Schwierz43, J. Schwindling133, W.G. Scott126, E. Sedykh118,

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E. Segura11, S.C. Seidel101, A. Seiden134, F.S. Seifert43, J.M. Seixas23a, G. Sekhniaidze100a, D.M. Seliverstov118, B. Selld´en142, M. Seman141, N. Semprini-Cesari19a,19b, C. Serfon96, L. Serin112, R. Seuster163, H. Severini108, M.E. Sevior84, A. Sfyrla160, L. Shan32,b, J.T. Shank21, M. Shapiro14, P.B. Shatalov93, L. Shaver6, C. Shaw52, K.S. Shaw136, D. Sherman29, P. Sherwood75, A. Shibata105, M. Shimojima98, T. Shin55, A. Shmeleva92, M.J. Shochet30, M.A. Shupe6, P. Sicho122, A. Sidoti15, A. Siebel167, M. Siebel29, J. Siegrist14, D. Sijacki12a, O. Silbert164, J. Silva121b, S.B. Silverstein142, V. Simak124, Lj. Simic12a, S. Simion 112, B. Simmons75, M. Simonyan4, P. Sinervo152, V. Sipica138, G. Siragusa79, A.N. Sisakyan63, S.Yu. Sivoklokov95, J. Sj¨olin142, P. Skubic108, N. Skvorodnev22, T. Slavicek124, K. Sliwa155, J. Sloper29, T. Sluka122, V. Smakhtin164, S.Yu. Smirnov94, Y. Smirnov24, L.N. Smirnova95, O. Smirnova77, B.C. Smith56, K.M. Smith52, M. Smizanska69, K. Smolek124, A.A. Snesarev92, S.W. Snow80, J. Snow 108, J. Snuverink103, S. Snyder24, M. Soares78, R. Sobie163,j, J. Sodomka124, A. Soffer148, C.A. Solans161, M. Solar124, E. Solfaroli Camillocci129a,129b, A.A. Solodkov125, O.V. Solovyanov125, R. Soluk2, J. Sondericker24, V. Sopko124, B. Sopko 124, M. Sosebee7, V.V. Sosnovtsev94, L. Sospedra Suay161, A. Soukharev104, S. Spagnolo70a,70b, F. Span`o34, P. Speckmayer29, E. Spencer134, R. Spighi19a, G. Spigo29, F. Spila129a,129b, R. Spiwoks29, L. Spogli131a,131b, M. Spousta123, T. Spreitzer139, B. Spurlock7, R.D. St. Denis52, T. Stahl138, R. Stamen57a, S.N. Stancu157, E. Stanecka29, R.W. Stanek5, C. Stanescu131a, S. Stapnes114, E.A. Starchenko125, J. Stark54, P. Staroba122, J. Stastny122, A. Staude96, P. Stavina141, G. Stavropoulos14, P. Steinbach43, P. Steinberg24, I. Stekl124, H.J. Stelzer41, H. Stenzel51, K.S. Stevenson73, G. Stewart52, T.D. Stewart139, M.C. Stockton17, G. Stoicea25a, S. Stonjek97, P. Strachota123, A. Stradling7, A. Straessner43, J. Strandberg85, S. Strandberg14, A. Strandlie114, M. Strauss108, P. Strizenec141, R. Str¨ohmer96, D.M. Strom111, J.A. Strong74,∗, R. Stroynowski39, B. Stugu13, I. Stumer24,∗, D. Su140, S. Subramania60, S.I. Suchkov94, Y. Sugaya113, T. Sugimoto99, C. Suhr5, M. Suk123, V.V. Sulin92, S. Sultansoy3,v, J.E. Sundermann47, K. Suruliz158a,158b, S. Sushkov11, G. Susinno36a,36b, M.R. Sutton75, T. Suzuki150, Yu.M. Sviridov125, I. Sykora141, T. Sykora123, R.R. Szczygiel38, T. Szymocha38, J. S´anchez161, D. Ta20, A.T. Taffard157, R. Tafirout153a, A. Taga114, Y. Takahashi99, H. Takai24, R. Takashima67, H. Takeda65, T. Takeshita137, M. Talby81, B. Tali149, A. Talyshev104, M.C. Tamsett74, J. Tanaka150, R. Tanaka112, S. Tanaka128, S. Tanaka64, G.P. Tappern29, S. Tapprogge79, S. Tarem147, F. Tarrade24, G.F. Tartarelli87a, P. Tas123, M. Tasevsky122, E.T. Tassi36a,36b, C. Taylor75, F.E. Taylor90, G.N. Taylor84, R.P. Taylor163, W. Taylor153b, F. Tegenfeldt62, P. Teixeira-Dias74, H. Ten Kate29, P.K. Teng146, S. Terada64, K. Terashi150, J. Terron78, M. Terwort41,n, R.J. Teuscher152,j, C.M. Tevlin80, J. Thadome167, R. Thananuwong48, M. Thioye168, J.P. Thomas17, T.L. Thomas101, E.N. Thompson82, P.D. Thompson17, R.J. Thompson80, A.S. Thompson52, E. Thomson117, R.P. Thun85, T. Tic 122, V.O. Tikhomirov92, Y.A. Tikhonov104, C.J.W.P. Timmermans102, P. Tipton168, F.J. Tique Aires Viegas29, S. Tisserant81, J. Tobias47, B. Toczek37, T.T. Todorov4, S. Todorova-Nova155, J. Tojo64, S. Tok´ar141, K. Tokushuku64, L. Tomasek122, M. Tomasek122, F. Tomasz141, M. Tomoto99, D. Tompkins6, L. Tompkins14, K. Toms101, A. Tonazzo131a,131b, G. Tong32, A. Tonoyan13, C. Topfel16, N.D. Topilin63, E. Torrence111, E. Torr´o Pastor161, J. Toth81,w, F. Touchard81, D.R. Tovey136, S.N. Tovey84, T. Trefzger166, L. Tremblet29, A. Tricoli126, I.M. Trigger153a, S. Trincaz-Duvoid76, M.F. Tripiana68, N. Triplett62, W. Trischuk152, A. Trivedi24,t, B. Trocm´e54, C. Troncon87a, C. Tsarouchas9, J.C-L. Tseng115, I. Tsiafis149, M. Tsiakiris103, P.V. Tsiareshka88, G. Tsipolitis9, E.G. Tskhadadze50, I.I. Tsukerman93, V. Tsulaia120, S. Tsuno64, M. Turala38, D. Turecek124, I. Turk Cakir3,x, E. Turlay112, P.M. Tuts34, M.S. Twomey135, M. Tyndel126, D. Typaldos17, G. Tzanakos8, I. Ueda150, M. Uhrmacher53, F. Ukegawa154, G. Unal29, D.G. Underwood5, A. Undrus24, G. Unel157, Y. Unno64, E. Urkovsky148, P. Urquijo48, P. Urrejola31a, G. Usai 30, L. Vacavant81, V. Vacek124, B. Vachon83, S. Vahsen14, C. Valderanis97, J. Valenta122, P. Valente129a, S. Valkar123, J.A. Valls Ferrer161, H. Van der Bij29, H. van der Graaf103, E. van der Kraaij103, E. van der Poel103, N. van Eldik82, P. van Gemmeren5, Z. van Kesteren103,

Xiv

I. van Vulpen103, R. VanBerg117, W. Vandelli29, G. Vandoni29, A. Vaniachine5, P. Vankov71, F. Vannucci76, F. Varela Rodriguez29, R. Vari129a, E.W. Varnes6, D. Varouchas112, A. Vartapetian7, K.E. Varvell145, V.I. Vassilakopoulos55, L. Vassilieva92, E. Vataga101, F. Vazeille33, G. Vegni87a,87b, J.J. Veillet112, C. Vellidis8, F. Veloso121b, R. Veness29, S. Veneziano129a, A. Ventura70a,70b, D. Ventura 135, S. Ventura 46, N. Venturi16, V. Vercesi116a, M. Verducci129a,129b, W. Verkerke103, J.C. Vermeulen103, M.C. Vetterli139,a, I. Vichou160, T. Vickey165, G.H.A. Viehhauser115, M. Villa19a,19b, E.G. Villani126, M. Villaplana Perez161, E. Vilucchi46, M.G. Vincter28, V.B. Vinogradov63, M. Virchaux133,∗, S. Viret33, J. Virzi14, A. Vitale 19a,19b, O.V. Vitells164, I. Vivarelli119a,119b, R. Vives161, F. Vives Vaques11, S. Vlachos9, M. Vlasak124, N. Vlasov20, H. Vogt41, P. Vokac124, M. Volpi11, G. Volpini87a,87b, H. von der Schmitt97, J. von Loeben97, E. von Toerne20, V. Vorobel123, A.P. Vorobiev125, V. Vorwerk11, M. Vos161, R. Voss29, T.T. Voss167, J.H. Vossebeld71, N. Vranjes12a, V. Vrba122, M. Vreeswijk103, T. Vu Anh20, M. Vudragovic12a, R. Vuillermet29, I. Vukotic112, P. Wagner 117, H. Wahlen167, J. Walbersloh42, J. Walder69, R. Walker153a, W. Walkowiak138, R. Wall168, C. Wang44, J. Wang32, J.C. Wang135, S.M.W. Wang146, C.P. Ward27, M. Warsinsky47, P.M. Watkins17, A.T. Watson17, G. Watts135, S.W. Watts80, A.T. Waugh145, B.M. Waugh75, M. Webel47, J. Weber42, M. Weber126, M.S. Weber16, P. Weber57a, A.R. Weidberg115, J. Weingarten42, C. Weiser47, H. Wellenstein22, P.S. Wells29, M. Wen46, T. Wenaus24, S. Wendler120, T. Wengler80, S. Wenig29, N. Wermes20, M. Werner47, P. Werner29, U. Werthenbach138, M. Wessels57a, S.J. Wheeler-Ellis157, S.P. Whitaker21, A. White7, M.J. White27, S. White24, D. Whiteson157, D. Whittington60, F. Wicek112, D. Wicke167, F.J. Wickens126, W. Wiedenmann165, M. Wielers126, P. Wienemann20, C. Wiglesworth71, A. Wildauer29, M.A. Wildt79, I. Wilhelm123, H.G. Wilkens29, H.H. Williams117, W. Willis34, S. Willocq82, J.A. Wilson17, M.G. Wilson140, A. Wilson 85, I. Wingerter-Seez4, F.W. Winklmeier29, L. Winton84, M. Wittgen140, M.W. Wolter38, H. Wolters121b, B. Wosiek38, J. Wotschack29, M.J. Woudstra82, K. Wraight52, C. Wright52, B. Wrona71, S.L. Wu165, X. Wu48, S. Xella35, S. Xie47, Y. Xie32, G. Xu32, N. Xu165, A. Yamamoto64, S. Yamamoto150, T. Yamamura150, K. Yamanaka62, T. Yamazaki150, Y. Yamazaki65, Z. Yan21, H. Yang85, U.K. Yang80, Y. Yang32, Z. Yang28, W-M. Yao14, Y. Yasu64, J. Ye39, S. Ye24, M. Yilmaz3,y, R. Yoosoofmiya120, K. Yorita30, R. Yoshida5, C. Young140, S.P. Youssef21, D. Yu24, J. Yu7, M. Yu57b, X. Yu32, J. Yuan97, L. Yuan76, A. Yurkewicz144, R. Zaidan81, A.M. Zaitsev125, Z. Zajacova29, L. Zanello129a,129b, P. Zarzhitsky39, A. Zaytsev104, M. Zdrazil14, C. Zeitnitz167, M. Zeller168, P.F. Zema29, C. Zendler20, A.V. Zenin125, T. Zenis141, Z. Zenonos119a,119b, S. Zenz14, D. Zerwas112, Z. Zhan32, H. Zhang81,z, J. Zhang5, Q. Zhang5, W. Zheng120, X. Zhang32, L. Zhao105, T. Zhao135, Z. Zhao85, A. Zhelezko94, A. Zhemchugov63, S. Zheng32, J. Zhong146, B. Zhou85, N. Zhou34, S. Zhou146, Y. Zhou146, C.G. Zhu32,b, H. Zhu136, Y. Zhu165, X.A. Zhuang97, V. Zhuravlov97, B. Zilka141, R. Zimmermann20, S. Zimmermann47, M. Zinna116a,116b, M. Ziolkowski138, R. Zitoun4, L. ˇZivkovi´c34, V.V. Zmouchko125,∗, G. Zobernig165, A. Zoccoli19a,19b, M. zur Nedden15, V. Zychacek124.

Turkey

4 LAPP, Universit´e de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-le-Vieux, France 5 Argonne National Laboratory, High Energy Physics Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne IL

Zografou, Greece

10 Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, H. Javid Avenue 33, AZ 143 Baku, Azerbaijan 11 Institut de F´ısica d’Altes Energies, IFAE, Edifici Cn, Universitat Aut`onoma de Barcelona, ES -

08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

Nuclear Sciences(b), Mihajla Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia

Norway

MS50B-6227, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America

United Kingdom

19 INFN Sezione di Bologna(a); Universit`a di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica(b), viale C. Berti Pichat,

States Of America

States Of America

23 Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro, Instituto de Fisica(a), Caixa Postal 68528, Ilha do Fundao,

Of America

25 National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering(a), Bucharest, P.O. Box MG-6, R-077125; 26 Universidad de Buenos Aires, FCEyN, Dto. Fisica, Pab I - C. Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires,

States Of America

31 Pontificia Universidad Cat´olica de Chile, Facultad de Fisica, Departamento de Fisica(a), Avda. Vicuna Mackenna 4860, San Joaquin, Santiago; Universidad T´ecnica Federico Santa Mar´ıa, Departamento de F´ısica(b), Avda. Esp˜ana 1680, Casilla 110-V, Valpara´ıso, Chile 32 Institute of HEP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 918, CN-100049 Beijing; USTC, 33 Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Universit´e Blaise Pascal, FR - 63177 Aubiere

America

36 INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza(a); Universit`a della Calabria, Dipartimento di Fisica(b), IT-87036

Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy

Technology, (FPACS, AGH-UST), al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland 38 The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul.

Of America

41 DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Notkestr. 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany 42 Universitaet Dortmund, Experimentelle Physik IV, DE - 44221 Dortmund, Germany

Dresden, Germany

45 Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt; Johannes Gutenbergstrasse 3 AT - 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria 46 INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, via Enrico Fermi 40, IT-00044 Frascati, Italy 47 Albert-Ludwigs-Universit¨at, Fakult¨at f¨ur Mathematik und Physik, Hermann-Herder Str. 3, D - 79104

Freiburg I.Br. , Germany

48 Universit´e de Gen`eve, Section de Physique, 24 rue Ernest Ansermet, CH - 1211 Geneve 4,

Switzerland

49 INFN Sezione di Genova(a); Universit`a di Genova, Dipartimento di Fisica(b), via Dodecaneso 33, IT -

16146 Genova, Italy

50 Institute of Physics of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, 6 Tamarashvili St., GE - 380077 Tbilisi; 51 Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, II Physikalisches Institut, Heinrich-Buff Ring 16, D-35392

Giessen, Germany

53 Georg-August-Universitat, II. Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, D-37077 Goettingen,

Germany

54 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, CNRS/IN2P3, Universit´e Joseph Fourier, INPG, 53 avenue des Martyrs, FR - 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France

Cambridge, Ma 02138, United States Of America

57 Ruprecht-Karls-Universitaet Heidelberg, Kirchhoff-Institut fuer Physik(a), Im Neuenheimer Feld

United States Of America

61 Institut fuer Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstrasse 25, A - 6020 Innsbruck, Austria

Ames, Ia 50011-3160, United States Of America

63 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, RU - 141 980 Moscow Region, Russia 64 KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0801,

Japan

68 Universidad Nacional de La Plata, FCE, Departamento de F´ısica, IFLP (CONICET-UNLP), C.C. 67,

1900 La Plata, Argentina

70 INFN Sezione di Lecce(a); Universit`a del Salento, Dipartimento di Fisica(b), Via Arnesano IT -

6Bt, United Kingdom

76 Laboratoire de Physique Nucl´eaire et de Hautes Energies, Universit´e Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Universit´e Denis Diderot (Paris-7), CNRS/IN2P3, Tour 33, 4 place Jussieu, FR - 75252 Paris Cedex 05,

France

77 Lunds universitet, Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Fysiska institutionen, Box 118, SE - 221 00 Lund,

Sweden

78 Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Fisica Teorica, ES -

28049 Madrid, Spain

79 Universitaet Mainz, Institut fuer Physik, Staudinger Weg 7, DE - 55099 Mainz, Germany 81 CPPM, Aix-Marseille Universit´e, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France

Canada

Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120, United States of America

Lansing, Mi 48824-2320, United States Of America

87 INFN Sezione di Milano(a); Universit`a di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica(b), via Celoria 16, IT -

20133 Milano, Italy

88 B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Independence Avenue

68, Minsk 220072, Republic Of Belarus

89 National Scientific & Educational Centre of Particle & High Energy Physics, NC PHEP BSU, M.

Xviii

Bogdanovich St. 153, Minsk 220040, Republic of Belarus

Quebec, H3C 3J7 , Canada

92 P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 53, RU - 117 924 Moscow,

Russia

93 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), B. Cheremushkinskaya ul. 25, RU 117

259 Moscow, Russia

94 Moscow Engineering & Physics Institute (MEPhI), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, RU - 115409 Moscow,

Moscow Lenskie Gory 1-2, Russia

96 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at M¨unchen, Fakult¨at f¨ur Physik, Am Coulombwall 1, DE - 85748

Garching, Germany

97 Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Physik, (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), F¨ohringer Ring 6, 80805 M¨unchen,

Germany

98 Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, 536 Aba-machi, JP Nagasaki 851-0193, Japan 100 INFN Sezione di Napoli(a); Universit`a di Napoli, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche(b), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, via Cinthia, IT - 80126 Napoli, Italy

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Xxi

170 ATLAS-Canada Tier-1 Data Centre 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada 171 GridKA Tier-1 FZK, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Steinbuch Centre for Computing (SCC), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany 172 Port d’Informaci Cientfica (PIC), Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici D, E-08193

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Rd., Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Taiwan

178 UK-T1-RAL Tier-1, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States of America a Also at TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 2A3, Canada b Also at CPPM, Aix-Marseille Universit´e, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France e Also at Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, CNRS/IN2P3, Universit´e Joseph Fourier, INPG, 53 avenue des Martyrs, FR - 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France g Also at TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 2A3, Canada i Also at Universit`a di Napoli Parthenope, via A. Acton 38, IT - 80133 Napoli, Italy j Also at Institute of Particle Physics (IPP), Canada

America

n Also at Institut f¨ur Experimentalphysik, Universit¨at Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761

Hamburg, Germany

o Also at H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland

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r Also at Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, RU - 188 300 Gatchina, Russia s Also at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom

United States Of America

w Also at KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary

Xxii

z Also at Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 918, CN-100049

Acknowledgements

not only in building the LHC, but also for their direct contributions to the construction and installation of the ATLAS detector and its infrastructure. We acknowledge equally warmly all our technical colleagues in the collaborating Institutions without whom the ATLAS detector could not have been built. Further- more we are grateful to all the funding agencies which supported generously the construction and the commissioning of the ATLAS detector and also provided the computing infrastructure.

The ATLAS detector design and construction has taken about fifteen years, and our thoughts are with all our colleagues who sadly could not see its final realisation. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia; ARC and DEST, Australia; Bundesministerium f¨ur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Austria; National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan; State Committee on Science & Technologies of the Republic of Belarus; CNPq and FINEP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC, and CFI, Canada; CERN; NSFC, China; Ministry of Educa- tion, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic, and Committee for Collaboration of the Czech Republic with CERN; Danish Natural Science Research Council; European Commission, through the ARTEMIS Research Training Network; IN2P3-CNRS and Dapnia-CEA, France; Georgian Academy of Sciences; BMBF, DESY, DFG and MPG, Germany; Min- istry of Education and Religion, through the EPEAEK program PYTHAGORAS II and GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP, and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Edu- cation, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; Ministry of Education and Research, Romania; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Russian Federal Agency of Science and Innovations, national Science and Technology Cooperation, Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic; Slovenian Research Agency, Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology, Slovenia; Ministerio de Ed- ucaci´on y Ciencia, Spain; The Swedish Research Council, The Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; State Secretariat for Education and Science, Swiss National Science Foundation, and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; National Science Council, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; The Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.

Preface

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN promises a major step forward in the understanding of the fundamental nature of matter. The ATLAS experiment is a general-purpose detector for the LHC, whose design was guided by the need to accommodate the wide spectrum of possible physics signatures.

The major remit of the ATLAS experiment is the exploration of the TeV mass scale where ground- breaking discoveries are expected. In the focus are the investigation of the electroweak symmetry break- ing and linked to this the search for the Higgs boson as well as the search for Physics beyond the Standard Model.

In this report a detailed examination of the expected performance of the ATLAS detector is provided, with a major aim being to investigate the experimental sensitivity to a wide range of measurements and potential observations of new physical processes. An earlier summary of the expected capabilities of ATLAS was compiled in 1999 . A survey of physics capabilities of the CMS detector was published in .

The design of the ATLAS detector has now been finalised, and its construction and installation have been completed . An extensive test-beam programme was undertaken. Furthermore, the simulation and reconstruction software code and frameworks have been completely rewritten. Revisions incorpo- rated reflect improved detector modelling as well as major technical changes to the software technology.

Greatly improved understanding of calibration and alignment techniques, and their practical impact on performance, is now in place. The studies reported here are based on full simulations of the ATLAS detector response. A variety of event generators were employed. The simulation and reconstruction of these large event samples thus provided an important operational test of the new ATLAS software system. In addition, the processing was distributed world-wide over the ATLAS Grid facilities and hence provided an important test of the ATLAS computing system – this is the origin of the expression “CSC studies” (“computing system commissioning”), which is occasionally referred to in these volumes.

The work reported does generally assume that the detector is fully operational, and in this sense represents an idealised detector: establishing the best performance of the ATLAS detector with LHC proton-proton collisions is a challenging task for the future. The results summarised here therefore represent the best estimate of ATLAS capabilities before real operational experience of the full detector with beam. Unless otherwise stated, simulations also do not include the effect of additional interactions in the same or other bunch-crossings, and the effect of neutron background is neglected. Thus simulations correspond to the low-luminosity performance of the ATLAS detector.

This report is broadly divided into two parts: firstly the performance for identification of physics objects is examined in detail, followed by a detailed assessment of the performance of the trigger sys- tem. This part is subdivided into chapters surveying the capabilities for charged particle tracking, each of electron/photon, muon and tau identification, jet and missing transverse energy reconstruction, b-tagging algorithms and performance, and finally the trigger system performance. In each chapter of the report, there is a further subdivision into shorter notes describing different aspects studied. The second major subdivision of the report addresses physics measurement capabilities, and new physics search sensitiv- ities. Individual chapters in this part discuss ATLAS physics capabilities in Standard Model QCD and electroweak processes, in the top quark sector, in b-physics, in searches for Higgs bosons, supersymme- try searches, and finally searches for other new particles predicted in more exotic models.

Deployment In Out-Of-Position Situations

D. Bendjaballah1, A. Bouchoucha1, M. L. Sahli1,2* and J-C. Gelin2

Abstract

Side-impact collisions represent the second greatest cause of fatality in motor vehicle accidents. Side-impact airbags have been installed in recent model year vehicle due to its effectiveness in reducing passengers’ injuries and fatality rates. In meeting these requirements, simulations of folding and deploying airbags are very useful and are widely used. The paper presents a simulation method for the deploying airbags using three materials in different working conditions. Finite element analysis is primarily used to evaluate this concept. In these simulations, the gas flow is described by the conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy. The numerical results indicate that the FE method in this paper is capable of capturing airbag deploying process accurately.

Keywords: Airbag simulations, Out-of-position, Crash, Modeling, Out-of-position

Background

The passive safety of cars has become a very high prior- ity issue for the automotive industry. Today, there are not only one or two airbags in a car; certain models have ten times more than that. With the increasing usage of airbags, the number of accidents where the airbag itself can cause an injury to the occupant also increases

(Augenstein Et Al. 2003; Gabauer And Gabler 2010;

Audrey et al. 2011). As is well known, safety belts are also now devices designed to provide protection to the users of vehicles during crash events, minimizing the loads necessary to adapt their movement to the move- ment of the car (Freesmeier and Butler 1999; Schmitt et al. 1997). In general, the seat belt is designed to restrain the occupant in the vehicle and prevent the

Occupant From Having Harsh Contacts With Interior

surfaces of the vehicles. The airbag acts to cushion any impact with vehicle structure and has positive internal pressure, which can exert distributed restraining forces over the head and face. As a safety component of auto- mobile, an airbag decreases occupants’ injury likelihood effectively in case of an accident (Ruff et al. 2007). These safety elements can reduce the death rates on the roads, and its protection effects have been widely approved (Crandall et al. 2001; Teru and Ishikawa 2003). With computational tools such as finite element methods designed for dynamic contact problems, crashworthiness simulations can now be used with reliable accuracy to evaluate occupant protection in various collision condi- tions with safety metric/parameters such as acceleration, head injury criteria, intrusion distance, intrusion vel- ocity, and neck forces (neck injury risk or whiplash).

Thus, new types of airbag products are being developed to handle different collision scenarios.

Become Standard Equipment On Most New Passenger

vehicles (Braver and Kyrychenko 2004; Teng et al. 2007; Yoganandan et al. 2007). The airbag cushion is com- posed of a woven fabric which is rapidly inflated during a car crash. The airbag dissipates the passenger’s kinetic energy thereby reducing injury through biaxial stretching of the fabric bag and escaping gas through vents. There- fore, the performance of the airbag is greatly influenced by the mechanical properties of the fabric. Generally, air bags are designed to deploy in a crash that is equivalent to a vehicle crashing into a solid wall at 8 to 14 mph.

Air bags most often deploy when a vehicle collides with another vehicle or with a solid object like a tree. There are various types of airbags: frontal, side-impact, and curtain airbags. In general, the passenger side airbags are usually larger than the driver airbags (see Fig. 1).

Besançon, France

© The Author(s). 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Bendjaballah et al. International Journal of Mechanical

Doi 10.1186/S40712-016-0070-2

Extensive studies have shown that the airbag deploy- ment in load cases consists of two occupant loading phases: a punch-out effect where the airbag bursts out of its container with the airbag and airbag module cover accelerating towards the occupant and a second loading phase during which the airbag is taking on its deployed shape and volume (membrane-loading effect). Bankdak et al. (2002) developed an experimental airbag test system to study airbag-occupant interactions during close proximity deployment. The results provided insight for simulating the effect of inflation energy and mass flow on target response. Bedard et al. (2002) found that while left-side (driver-side) impacts accounted for only 13.5% of all crashes, the fatality rate among these

Crashes Was 68.3% In Comparison To Front Impact

(48.3%), right-side impact (31.3%), and rear impact (38.4%). These studies underscore the importance of oc- cupant safety during side-impact collisions. In the last years, the current market requested to reduce the time and cost airbag development. In order to achieve this result, virtual simulations play an important role since they allow to minimize the number of experimental tests (Pei et al. 2013; Cao et al. 2014). Several simulation models of airbag were established (Wang et al. 2007). It is feasible to optimize the parameters of airbag deploy- ment using simulation technology. Experimental and numerical studies have quantified injury risks to close- proximity occupants from deploying side airbags. These studies have focused on the prevention of the most ad- verse effects of airbag deployment (Duma et al. 2003).

Other studies have proposed airbag characteristics to minimize particular biomechanical responses (Haland and Pipkorn 1996). In a more recent study, Marklund and Nilsson (2003) compared deformation patterns with experimental data as well as the computational costs associated with three different airbag deployment simu- lation methods; they concluded that the SPH method is relatively inexpensive and produces incremental deform- ation patterns that compare most closely to the experi- mental results. The process of inflation of an airbag is one of the determining factors in saving lives. The duration from the initial impact of the crash to the full inflation of an airbag is about 40 ms, and during this time, the airbag goes from being in a folded state to a fully inflated state, with a high internal pressure. After achieving this state, the airbag begins to deflate, thus providing a nice cushion for the body impacting it.

Ideally, the person in the crash should come into contact with the airbag at this time. In the present study, a large volume passenger side airbag model is developed to handle different collision scenarios. The main aim is evaluate the performance of deploying of passenger side airbag using finite element methods (FEM).

Materials

The tensile specimens were made in different airbags (P: Peugeot, R: Renault, and VW: Volkswagen) with a length of 200 mm long and a width of 40 mm. Table 1 shows the mechanical properties of the airbag.

Tensile Tests

To determine the mechanical properties of the material of airbag used in the test pieces, tensile tests were performed on Lloyd EZ20 universal testing machine in Constantine. These tests were conducted using rect- angular samples. The axial force and axial displacement acquired during a test are converted into stress and the strain in order to be used for the fabric material model.

The continuous recording of the stress-strain data was performed during both the load and unload phases. A minimum of five samples were made in order to check the repeatability of the measurements. All the data was collected by using a PC-based data acquisition system and analyzed by commercial software. The picture frame test device that is made for this study is shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 1 a Frontal and side airbags. b Oblique view of facet occupant model in sitting posture following airbag deployment (Lim et al. 2014)

0.150

Bendjaballah et al. International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (2017) 12:12

Page 2 Of 9

Figure 3 shows the stress-strain relationship of the airbag sample under axial tensile loads. The results are showing a linear increase in extension with the increas- ing stresses. This is an expected output and it confirms with the theoretical behavior of a sample subjected to tensile stress. The rupture strain values for different airbags (R/P/VW) were 0.322, 0.441, and 0.472, respect- ively. The measured elastic parameters (i.e., Young’s modulus E and initial yield strength) and Poisson’s ratio are summarized in Table 2. The tensile tests of the woven fabrics can show differences on mechanical prop- erties because woven fabrics can resist in-plane shear loads once the yarn lock-up angle has been reached. The differences of material property on material direction can affect the shape of fully deployed bag (see Fig. 3b).

Theoretical Background

Numerical simulations of airbags use very complex and techniques such as an orthotropic model to identify the mechanical behaviors during the airbag inflation and the fluid mechanics (gas flow) to describe the inflator gas flow (pressure gradient) and improve the representation of the pressures within the airbag. To model the airbag as an orthotropic model, three material constants have to be provided. Assuming a plane stress condition, the

Ð1Þ

where σ is the normal stress and τ is the shear stress, the subscript refers to the principal material directions, i.e., the fill and warp directions. Also, ε and γ are the strain components. The material elastic constants Qij are

Ð2Þ

where E1 and E2 are the Young’s modulus in the fill and wrap directions and G12 is the shear modulus of the fabric material. νij is the Poisson ratio of the material.

The gas exerts a pressure load on the airbag causing it to expand. This expansion puts the airbag under tensile stress lowering the expansion rate. In this study, heat conduction and heat transfer is not taken into account.

Fig. 2 A photograph of Lloyd EZ20 universal testing Fig. 3 Stress versus strain using Lloyd EZ20 machine for a three different airbags at 0° and 90° and b VW airbag test specimens at

Different Angles

Table 2 Physical and mechanical properties of the airbag

Page 3 Of 9

In the deployment of an airbag, an inflator supplies high velocity gas into an airbag causing it to expand rapidly. The gas inside the airbag is assumed to be ideal, to be of constant entropy, and to satisfy the equation of state:

Ð3Þ

Here p, ρ, and e are respectively the pressure, density, and specific internal energy, and γ is the ratio of the heat capacities of the gas. The gas flow is described by the conservation laws for mass, momentum, and energy that

Ð4Þ

here, V is a volume, A is the boundary of this volume,

N Is The Normal Vector Along The Surface A, And U

denotes the velocity vector in the volume. Applying Bernoulli’s equation in the case of an ideal gas with

Ð5Þ

Here, the subscript ex denotes quantities at the throat of the tube. Furthermore u, p, and ρ denote the quan- tities inside that part of the tube that is supplying mass.

Materials And Boundary Conditions

The airbag system mainly consists of three parts: the airbag itself, the inflator unit, and the crash sensor or diagnostic unit. Thus, to study the behavior of the airbag using FE simulations, we need to have an FE model of the airbag in the folded position. A FE model of the airbag was used to simulate the test condition as shown in Fig. 5. LS-DYNA® material model FABRIC (MAT_34) is used to simulate the airbag material. It is a variation of the layered orthotropic material model. Additionally, in the LS-DYNA® material model, fabric leakage can be accounted for. However, for this CAB material, the leak- age is almost negligible and therefore no leakage is specified. The mechanical properties can be determined from the physical test. Typical material properties for airbag fabrics are taken as given in Chawla et al. (2004a) (Table 3). These properties are used to simulate inflation process of airbag (see Table 1). The car dashboard is modeled as the rectangular thin plate using a MAT_RI-

Gid Material, And The Degrees Of Freedom Are Con-

strained in all the directions. The similar properties of thermoplastic polymer are assigned for contact purposes. The porosity of the fabric is assumed zero. The nitro- gen gas is taken for inflating the airbag. Properties of nitrogen gas and initial bag conditions are shown in Table 4. The example on which we perform the study is a typical passenger side airbag. The geometric de- tails have been measured from a commercially avail- able airbag. The initial state of the airbag is a closed rectangular whose sides are to be finished to 482 × 635 mm2 and is shown in Fig. 4.

Table 3 Material properties of airbag and rigid plate used in FE

–

Table 4 Initial values used for FE simulation of the swelling of

3.33 × 10−4

Fig. 4 The initial airbag geometry in the form of a rectangular Bendjaballah et al. International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (2017) 12:12

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