Solar Bus Stop Lighting With Schedule Display — Implementation & Analysis

Abstract — Solar Bus Stop Lighting With Schedule Display

Solar Bus Stop Lighting With Schedule Display Comprehensive Technical Investigation & Design Architecture · Prepared for Research & Evaluation 1. Executive Overview & Research Problem Statement IoT-based solar-powered smart bus stops are distributed, autonomous infrastructure nodes designed to provide real-time transit information while operating independently from the electrical grid. Architected to form a critical element in energy-efficient smart public transport management, these systems combine photovoltaic power generation, microcontroller-based information kiosks, and networked IoT components to achieve high reliability, low energy consumption, and seamless integration with vehicle telematics ( Haque et al., 3 Jan 2026 ).

Operational Methodology & Framework

Each smart bus stop consists of three principal hardware subsystems: power generation/storage, computational/display units, and communications. Photovoltaic (PV) energy is harvested with a 20 W monocrystalline panel (nominal 18 V), linked via a pulse-width modulation (PWM) maximum power point tracking ( MPPT ) charge controller to a 12 V, 5 Ah lead-acid or LiFePOI battery. This configuration ensures overnight and low-irradiance autonomy. Downstream power conditioning stabilizes and down-converts the voltage to 5 V rail for logic devices.

Experimental Findings & Validation

The local computational core is an Arduino Mega (ATmega2560), executing the display firmware and coordinating peripheral activity. Key peripherals include: All digital logic and display components draw power from the regulated 5 V bus. Table 1 aggregates the main hardware elements: The energy model involves quantifying device-level consumption per bus stop and provisioning sufficient PV and battery capacity for 24-hour autonomous operation. The daily system load is calculated: E load = ∑ i P i × t i = 0.48 W h + 2.4 W h + 0.48 W h + 0.0024 W h + 0.1 W h ≈ 3.46 W h ( min ) E_\text{load} = \sum_i P_i \times t_i = 0.48\,\mathrm{Wh} + 2.4\,\mathrm{Wh} + 0.48\,\mathrm{Wh} + 0.0024\,\mathrm{Wh} + 0.1\,\mathrm{Wh} \approx 3.46\,\mathrm{Wh}\ (\text{min}) E load I = i ∑ I P i I × t i I = 0.48 Wh + 2.4 Wh + 0.48 Wh + 0.0024 Wh + 0.1 Wh ≈ 3.46 Wh ( min ) ≈ 34.82 W h ( max ) \approx 34.82\,\mathrm{Wh}\ (\text{max}) ≈ 34.82 Wh ( max ) Figure 1: Conceptual Model & Experimental Workflow for Solar Bus Stop Lighting With Schedule Display 2. System Architecture & Functional Block Diagram Assuming 5 peak-sun hours, the panel sizing is: P PV = E load H sun I 0.69 W ( min ) , 6.96 W ( max ) P_\text{PV} = \frac{E_\text{load}}{H_\text{sun}} \implies 0.69\,\mathrm{W}\ (\text{min}),\ 6.96\,\mathrm{W}\ (\text{max}) P PV I = H sun I E load I I I 0.69 W ( min ) , 6.96 W ( max ) which motivates the standardization on a 10 W (or 20 W) panel.

Scope & Practical Applications

• Real-time automated control and signal telemetry
• Embedded verification testbeds for institutional research
• High-throughput data streaming and anomaly alerting
• Performance optimization and resource consumption minimization
• Full integration ready for IEEE dissertation submission